Does immune checkpoint blockade have indirect effects on cells other than CD4 T cells? Filippos Porichis and colleagues have studied this question in a series of experiments on cells from people living with HIV. They show that blocking both PD-1 and IL-10 restores function to helper CD4 T cells. These reinvigorated helper cells can then prod NK cells into action against HIV. This work highlights a link between CD4 and NK cell dysfunction and provides extra incentive for strategies to restore CD4 T cell function.
Checkpoint blockade restores NK cell function
